In answer to the video "The Quran, Abraham, Zarathustra and the Furnace"
Here is how a divine covenant in relation to a specific land has played out in history, both for the Israelites, and later the Ishmaelites.
The Prophet at one point sent with Ali the final ultimatum to the tribes gathering for the annual pilgrimage from across the Arabian peninsula and the remaining Idolators of Mecca. They were unworthy of being the guardians of a land declared sacred by God since its establishment by their forefathers Abraham and Ishmael 8:34-35,53,9:17-22,28.
This is just as God, in the times of the children of Israel, declared Canaan sacred and unfit to any trace of idolatry Deut9,Lev18:24-8,20:22-3. The Israelites consequently had to exterminate or forcefully expell from it those who indulged in it and defiled it Ezra9:12, erasing all traces of idol worship, not allowing any covenant or peaceful outcome to its inhabitants. The only exception was an occasion where a Canaanite tribe disguised as coming from a foreign nation deceitfully or rather desperately, got into a peace covenant under oath with Joshua. He was Moses' successor who had to carry on the task of cleansing the land from idolaters. When this desperate ploy of a nation trying to save the lives of their people from Bible loving Yahweists was uncovered, Joshua could not abrogate that peace covenant, contrary to the will of the rest of the community Josh9.
Before engaging the natives of Canaan in battle, Joshua sent an ultimatum to the inhabitants, similarly to what the prophet had sent Ali to do with regards to Mecca. Except that the Mecca ultimatum did not even remotely resemble the indiscriminate address by Joshua to every non-Jew, and the unethical wars and battles that ensued. Joshua offered these natives of Canaan three choices: to leave the land, surrender and declare peace, or stand up and fight. The native tribe of the Girgoshites accepted the first condition.
However, thirty-one kings chose to fight and were eventually all defeated by a 40.000 strong Jewish army at the end of a 7 years struggle Josh4:13,Josh12. In total fourteen years were needed until the land of Canaan was entirely conquered and divided among the 12 tribes of Israel. In many areas however the native population was neither entirely exterminated, nor expelled as explicitly commanded and made binding on the Jews for al times to come Deut20:16,25:19. It was reduced to slavery Judges1:28, a move that would later cause to the majority of the Israelities the gradual loss of both their ethnicity through inter-mixing with the natives, and their monotheistic religion Judges3:5-7.
As a result God lifted His divine protection, so they easily lost control of the land and became slaves themselves, in that very land they had been promised and which they successfully conquered, the land in which they were supposed to lead a pious, grateful and free life following their Egyptian bondage. These periods of idolatry and submission to their neighbors were interrupted by short periods where, in answer to the desperate cries of the Israelites God would choose certain individuals to gather them back to the straight path, reunite them under one religion and one purpose, and give them back control of the land. These righteous members of the community would be endowed with God's spirit, empowered to be "judges" because of their morality, intelligence, valor, achievements Judges2,3. The Quran refers to them in 5:44. They commanded respect because of their known uprightness and their advices and judgements were highly regarded.
The community would however quickly fall back into spiritual degeneration and would disunite, after the judge's death or sometimes during his own life. For a period of about 300 years following the conquest of the promised land, this cycle of domination by the polytheists -Amalekites, Philistines, Ammonites, Midianites and other Semitic tribes- followed by a return to power through the rise of another God-chosen "judge" would repeat itself many times, and it wasnt until the time of David's reign, Israel's second king that the heathens would be entirely subdued once more as they were centuries before when the land was first invaded.
All this is said to demonstrate the important point that God making a nation to inherit a land and placing on it the responsibility to preserve a certain din/way of life, is nothing but a matter of test that could equally result in their uprooting should they reach similar levels of transgressions.
With dominion and authority comes great responsibility and accountability. God remains particularly watchful over the powerful nations 89:6-14 and does not fail crushing them with all their resources should He deem their existence neither beneficial for their own selves or for others. When the Muslims were made successors in the land, they were warned that if they transgress they will be swiftly requited and replaced by the One encompassing them as He encompasses the whole earth, capable of establishing a better creation instead of them, if not just as good as they regard their own make, implying the ease with which He could reproduce man in his original form 6:165,70:40-1,76:28.
As shown above similar warnings were issued to the Israelites should they break the covenant after being established as a nation. They inherited a land which the previous possessors were enjoying in unrighteousness, hence their replacement Quran7:137,26:57-9,Deut8:19-20,Deut28-31,Deut9. This did not only happen with the Israelites, or Ishmaelites in the times of Muhammad, but previous nations that rejected their prophets were equally destroyed and another nation raised in their stead as trustees of God's favors
10:71-3,44:26,7:69,74,137,100"Is it not clear to those who inherit the earth after its (former) residents that if We please We would afflict them on account of their faults".The HB uses a very appropriate metaphore to describe that reality, picturing a sacred land becoming sick of its inhabitants' practices to the point it cannot contain them anymore
Lev18:24-8"Do not defile yourselves in any of these ways, because this is how the nations that I am going to drive out before you became defiled. Even the land was defiled; so I punished it for its sin, and the land vomited out its inhabitants..."
Lev20:22-3"And you shall observe all My statutes and all My ordinances, and fulfill them, then the Land, to which I am bringing you to dwell therein, will not vomit you out. You shall not follow the practices of the nation that I am sending away from before you, for they committed all these [sins], and I was disgusted with them".The prophet Solomon Prov2:21-22 and before him David spoke of that reality
Ps37:9-11"evildoers shall be cut off, and those who hope for the Lord-they will inherit the land. A short while longer and the wicked man is not here, and you shall look at his place and he is not there. But the humble shall inherit the land, and they shall delight in much peace".The heritage of the earth in this worldly life is neither permanent nor everlasting. It is merely bestowed as a trial for different communities. On the other hand, the ultimate and everlasting heritage of the "land" will only be bestowed in the Hereafter to the righteous believers 21:105,39:73-4.
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