In answer to the video "Why the Quran Was Revealed in Arabic (David Wood)"
After it had disintegrated into many communities, Prophets were sent to humanity to bring it back to its original state when it was a single ummat 2:213. Prophets and warners were thus sent to every community/ummat 10:47,16:36,35:24. These warners will be called to testify against their community on the Day of Judgement 4:41,16:84.
This does not mean that every land and village had a prophet although Allah could have done it 25:51, but when the unaltered teachings of a prophet reaches a people who begin practising it then it is enough for them to be considered part of that specific prophet's ummat, even after that prophet's death as reflected in Ibrahim and Ismail's prayer 2:128.
The Muslims that passed away, of today and the future can all be considered to be the prophet Muhammad's ummat. The Quran clearly uses ummat in this sense, regardless of the individuals composing that ummat being contemporaries or not.
In 2:133-4 for example the prophets Ibrahim, Ismail, Isaac and Jacob and their people are said to be one and the same ummat/nation, since they all shared the same principles of life and religion, and their descendants were still part of their ummat until their teachings became so heavily corrupt that their umma is said to have "passed away". This is stressed again in 2:140-1.
All this shows that those who are included in an ummat, share several common characteristics. The word is mainly used in a physical sense for a common ethnicity or in a spiritual sense for a community composed of individuals linked together by deeply ingrained principals, regardless of time, space or ethnicity. That is why Allah says He could, against their freewill, make all mankind a single ummat (ie spiritually) like it originally was 11:118,16:93.
This means 2 people can share the same physical ummat without belonging to the same spiritual ummat. The prophet Muhammad, his followers, rejecters and even forefathers who had completely strayed from the right path, all belonged to one physical ummat, because they were all Arab Ishmaelites. But the spiritual ummat only included Muhammad, his followers and the believers who submitted themselves to God whether past, present or future. After relating the stories of some among the prophets and eminent personalities that passed, the Quran addresses Muhammad and his followers telling them
21:92"this ummat of yours is a single ummat".They become an ummat within another ummat
3:104"And from among you there should be a party/ummat who invite to good and enjoin what is right and forbid the wrong, and these it is that shall be successful".See also 3:113,5:66,7:159.
Ummat actually stems from UMM lit. mother or source. It also takes the meaning of path or direction as in 16:120,43:22.
In 13:30 the Quran alludes to this by stating that the ummat to which the prophet Muhammad was sent, was separate from the umamun/nations that came before it and passed away. This is what happens, as already shown, when a people loses the spiritual connection with a previous righteous people. Similarily, the initial ummat that included all mankind eventually disappeared due to the differences that began to appear, and the alterations to the original way taught by Adam 2:213,10:19.
This scenario kept repeating itself in the course of history after the demise of each prophet who tried establishing a righteous ummat. By the time of the prophet Muhammad, the righteous legacy of the most ancient Arab prophets such as Hud and Salih who had been sent to the Aad and Thamud, down to the prophet Ismail who had founded the Kaaba with Ibrahim his father, and finally Shuayb, was almost entirely forgotten.
Besides the few righteous hanif remnants who remained true to some of this legacy, the pure ways of the ancients had undergone severe corruption through foreign influences. As no warner came to reform the people, the corruption was transmitted to the succeeding generations who added their own lot of corruption in complete heedlessness.
A prophet was thus raised in a qawm/people who did not have any warner 28:46,32:3,34:44 and before which about 60+ generations had passed since Shuayb the last Arab prophet, to warn them of what their forefathers werent warned and to constitute a new righteous and well balanced ummat, that would last so long as the people would hold fast by the uncorrupted and uncorruptable final revelation to mankind 2:143,3:110,36:2-6.
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